The speed of sounds are effected through three types of elements (liquid, solid, and gas). It is effective by the amount of molecules and the tightness in an element. It could also be effective by the material of an object. Both the type of element/compound and the temperature affect the speed of the wave. A wave is just a wiggle of time and space. Assuming the wiggle is a vibration from a disturbance. In a high heat, the molecules would have more energy thus cause the spread of vibration. The vibration of a sound can cause sound waves. A wave is a vibration that can change forms from one point of a medium to another. A wave can change into an elastic form or change into many vibration patterns. Basically, another way to transfer energy. (__Hyper Physics__)
Basic Properties of Sound
The difference of temperature in the air affects the speed of sound because of the traveling molecules. The heat, like in a desert or a summer day, has more energy to make the vibration intense. Thus, making the sounds travel quicker around the area. In a cold climate, it is the opposite. It travels less since there is no energy in a cold climate. There is a formula to find the speed of sound in the air. It is v=331 m/s+0.6m/s/C*T. “V” meaning the average speed of sound, “C” meaning the Celsius, and “T” meaning the temperature of the air. The resulted answer could be varying due to the pressure and humidity of the air. Nevertheless, the average speed of sound formula could be in use in any temperature. The speed of the air could cause sounds. If an object were to reach the speed of sound up in the air, that object would create a shock wave. A shock wave is caused by compressed air. The object is simply moving the air out of the way. Not only a jet airplane could cause shock waves, but also whips. As the wave of the whip travels to the tail the air is pushed out of the way. (__NDT-ED__)
Wave Properties
Waves can travel in a few different ways. There are transversal waves, longitudinal waves, water waves, and Raleigh surface waves. People usually see the visible wave on a mechanical oscillator. Waves are found everywhere a person goes. Waves could be found in the air, liquid, and solids. Waves are invisible, but sometimes it is visible. The waves that we can see are called the visible spectrum; these are the colors of the rainbow. Whether it’s visible or not, it carries information. But for the purposes at hand we will be dealing with longitudinal waves, there are the waves that are audible to the human ear (acoustics animations). Longitudinal waves are basically oscillations in the medium from left to right the particles move back and forth but it they resume their normal positions as soon as the wave passes through, they cause compressions and rarefactions, producing sounds. A similar thing is true for transversal waves except they oscillate up and down, and produce no sound. The frequency of a wave is the number of cycles it passes in a second. The unit for frequency is called hertz (Hz).__(Salford Acoustics Page)__
A standing wave (also known as a stationary wave), is a wave stay in a constant position. The wave is produce when two waves from a frequency and its amplitude are traveling the opposite direction in a medium. At both ends, there are called nodes. Between the nodes are the anti-nodes. The anti-nodes are flexible due to vibration but, it can also be stiff. Stiffness is considered to be zero. A set of standing waves is known a harmonic system. Think of it as the musical instrument, the guitar. Pluck one string and it creates just a bland noise. Strum the whole strings together and the sounds of the instrument will create a harmonic sound. A frequency that produces vibration, is called a harmonics. Also known as partials. There are two types of disturbances in standing waves. One type could build up more sounds, called constructive disturbance. The other disturbance is called destructive disturbance. It cancels out wavelengths and produce no sounds. __Standing Wave 1____Standing Wave 2__
Resonance
A resonance is source where a wave could get energy to produce more waves. A wave could not be just formed just like energy cannot be either; it has to have an applied energy to keep it vibrating. Resonance is the cause of more intense vibration in amplitude. Increasing the amplitude would cause more loudness. It increase by a rhythmic patten. A little adding of energy bit-by-bit. The frequency of the wave would not change at all. An example of this strange action would be the wind and a bridge. Just a little push at a constant period, the bridge would collapse. The bridge would collapse due to the high energy the bridge it is receiving. __Standing Waves 2__
Humans and Sounds
==The way how the human ear can detect a sound is the traveling of multiple waves. They bounce around in the ear and the various mechanisms that are designed to pick up sounds vibrate with them and transmit the sound. These mechanisms are the small bones in the ear that can translate theses sounds into electrical impulses which are then sent into the brain and magic is done and our brain tells us what the sound is. Nearly every sound that we hear is not made up of a single frequency of wave but a bunch of different ones all vibrating together, but often has one that is dominant, and this is the pitch we hear. These nearly infinite combinations give us all of the different sounds we can hear, and explains why a screeching child sounds different than a violin even though they may be at the same pitch, or frequency. These differences are referred to as tone or sound quality.__NASA Speed of Sound__
==
Our Procedure and Results
There are two ways to determine the speed of sound in common air. The first and one that requires the least amount of planning is just basic (well not really) equations. The most basic sound one is c= √(C/p). c is the speed of sound, C is the coefficient of stiffness, or the elasticity of a substance (especially in air), and p is the density. The stiffer the object is the faster sound travels. And the denser the object again the faster the sound travels. This I because the molecules are close together and it takes very little time to go from one to another. And so it travels faster. And if an object is stiff it transmits sound waves faster because they bend quickly and snaps back. An elastic medium will bend for a longer period of time. When one begins to delve into different mediums many different equations are used, and scientists have developed ones for every medium, from simple gasses and liquids, to solids and the complicated plasma. We could list all of them but the process would be difficult and unnecessary because to figure out the speed of sound experimentally you need the simplest Physics equations. Velocity = Distance/Time or (in simpler terms) v=d/t.For our experiment we began by measuring out a distance of 100 meters and the temperature (in Celsius). At one end of the hundred meters we had Kimmy’s car, and the other we had a person with a timer in hand go to the other hundred. When both people were ready the person at the car hit the panic button on the remote, casing the lights to flash and the horn to honk. We did this because at 100 meters the amount of time it would take the light to travel the distance from the car to the eyes of the person with the timer is negligible but it will take the sound longer to travel the same distance allowing us to accurately measure the time because we are able to see when it starts and then hear when it reaches the other person. The first time we did the experiment we started at about 5 in the evening when it was fairly warm out side (18 degrees Celsius) and then the second time we woke up bright and early at 6:30 to perform it again because we needed data from a trial with a different temperature (in this case 10 degrees Celsius). Our results did not really support our hypothesis well. We believed that when the temperature was higher the times would be shorter. This was not the case with our data and we believe it is simply because of human error. The times at which we are attempting to record are very small and because of this it is very easy to get poor results.
Table of Contents
The Speed of Sound
Introduction
The speed of sounds are effected through three types of elements (liquid, solid, and gas). It is effective by the amount of molecules and the tightness in an element. It could also be effective by the material of an object. Both the type of element/compound and the temperature affect the speed of the wave. A wave is just a wiggle of time and space. Assuming the wiggle is a vibration from a disturbance. In a high heat, the molecules would have more energy thus cause the spread of vibration. The vibration of a sound can cause sound waves. A wave is a vibration that can change forms from one point of a medium to another. A wave can change into an elastic form or change into many vibration patterns. Basically, another way to transfer energy. (__Hyper Physics__)Basic Properties of Sound
The difference of temperature in the air affects the speed of sound because of the traveling molecules. The heat, like in a desert or a summer day, has more energy to make the vibration intense. Thus, making the sounds travel quicker around the area. In a cold climate, it is the opposite. It travels less since there is no energy in a cold climate. There is a formula to find the speed of sound in the air. It is v=331 m/s+0.6m/s/C*T. “V” meaning the average speed of sound, “C” meaning the Celsius, and “T” meaning the temperature of the air. The resulted answer could be varying due to the pressure and humidity of the air. Nevertheless, the average speed of sound formula could be in use in any temperature. The speed of the air could cause sounds. If an object were to reach the speed of sound up in the air, that object would create a shock wave. A shock wave is caused by compressed air. The object is simply moving the air out of the way. Not only a jet airplane could cause shock waves, but also whips. As the wave of the whip travels to the tail the air is pushed out of the way. (__NDT-ED__)Wave Properties
Waves can travel in a few different ways. There are transversal waves, longitudinal waves, water waves, and Raleigh surface waves. People usually see the visible wave on a mechanical oscillator. Waves are found everywhere a person goes. Waves could be found in the air, liquid, and solids. Waves are invisible, but sometimes it is visible. The waves that we can see are called the visible spectrum; these are the colors of the rainbow. Whether it’s visible or not, it carries information. But for the purposes at hand we will be dealing with longitudinal waves, there are the waves that are audible to the human ear (acoustics animations). Longitudinal waves are basically oscillations in the medium from left to right the particles move back and forth but it they resume their normal positions as soon as the wave passes through, they cause compressions and rarefactions, producing sounds. A similar thing is true for transversal waves except they oscillate up and down, and produce no sound. The frequency of a wave is the number of cycles it passes in a second. The unit for frequency is called hertz (Hz).__(Salford Acoustics Page)__
A standing wave (also known as a stationary wave), is a wave stay in a constant position. The wave is produce when two waves from a frequency and its amplitude are traveling the opposite direction in a medium. At both ends, there are called nodes. Between the nodes are the anti-nodes. The anti-nodes are flexible due to vibration but, it can also be stiff. Stiffness is considered to be zero. A set of standing waves is known a harmonic system. Think of it as the musical instrument, the guitar. Pluck one string and it creates just a bland noise. Strum the whole strings together and the sounds of the instrument will create a harmonic sound. A frequency that produces vibration, is called a harmonics. Also known as partials. There are two types of disturbances in standing waves. One type could build up more sounds, called constructive disturbance. The other disturbance is called destructive disturbance. It cancels out wavelengths and produce no sounds. __Standing Wave 1__ __Standing Wave 2__
Resonance
A resonance is source where a wave could get energy to produce more waves. A wave could not be just formed just like energy cannot be either; it has to have an applied energy to keep it vibrating. Resonance is the cause of more intense vibration in amplitude. Increasing the amplitude would cause more loudness. It increase by a rhythmic patten. A little adding of energy bit-by-bit. The frequency of the wave would not change at all. An example of this strange action would be the wind and a bridge. Just a little push at a constant period, the bridge would collapse. The bridge would collapse due to the high energy the bridge it is receiving. __Standing Waves 2__Humans and Sounds
==The way how the human ear can detect a sound is the traveling of multiple waves. They bounce around in the ear and the various mechanisms that are designed to pick up sounds vibrate with them and transmit the sound. These mechanisms are the small bones in the ear that can translate theses sounds into electrical impulses which are then sent into the brain and magic is done and our brain tells us what the sound is. Nearly every sound that we hear is not made up of a single frequency of wave but a bunch of different ones all vibrating together, but often has one that is dominant, and this is the pitch we hear. These nearly infinite combinations give us all of the different sounds we can hear, and explains why a screeching child sounds different than a violin even though they may be at the same pitch, or frequency. These differences are referred to as tone or sound quality.__NASA Speed of Sound__==
Our Procedure and Results
There are two ways to determine the speed of sound in common air. The first and one that requires the least amount of planning is just basic (well not really) equations. The most basic sound one is c= √(C/p). c is the speed of sound, C is the coefficient of stiffness, or the elasticity of a substance (especially in air), and p is the density. The stiffer the object is the faster sound travels. And the denser the object again the faster the sound travels. This I because the molecules are close together and it takes very little time to go from one to another. And so it travels faster. And if an object is stiff it transmits sound waves faster because they bend quickly and snaps back. An elastic medium will bend for a longer period of time. When one begins to delve into different mediums many different equations are used, and scientists have developed ones for every medium, from simple gasses and liquids, to solids and the complicated plasma. We could list all of them but the process would be difficult and unnecessary because to figure out the speed of sound experimentally you need the simplest Physics equations. Velocity = Distance/Time or (in simpler terms) v=d/t.For our experiment we began by measuring out a distance of 100 meters and the temperature (in Celsius). At one end of the hundred meters we had Kimmy’s car, and the other we had a person with a timer in hand go to the other hundred. When both people were ready the person at the car hit the panic button on the remote, casing the lights to flash and the horn to honk. We did this because at 100 meters the amount of time it would take the light to travel the distance from the car to the eyes of the person with the timer is negligible but it will take the sound longer to travel the same distance allowing us to accurately measure the time because we are able to see when it starts and then hear when it reaches the other person. The first time we did the experiment we started at about 5 in the evening when it was fairly warm out side (18 degrees Celsius) and then the second time we woke up bright and early at 6:30 to perform it again because we needed data from a trial with a different temperature (in this case 10 degrees Celsius). Our results did not really support our hypothesis well. We believed that when the temperature was higher the times would be shorter. This was not the case with our data and we believe it is simply because of human error. The times at which we are attempting to record are very small and because of this it is very easy to get poor results.Physics Reasearch Project on Prezi
Picture and Animation Credits
Animation
__http://paws.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/waves-intro/waves-intro.html__
Blue Sound Electronic
__http://de.fotolia.com/id/6525764__
Dyson Vacuum
__http://www.vacuumreviewer.com/best-vacuum-cleaners/__
Tuning Fork
__http://shanahan1.pbworks.com/f/1270291635/sound_waves.jpg__
Park
__http://www.claytoncountyconservation.org/Friedens%20Park%207-4-06.JPG__
Fluid
__http://www.webtechwise.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/fixed-or-fluid.jpg__
thermometer
__http://www.faqs.org/photo-dict/photofiles/list/682/1092thermometer.jpg__
background
__http://s3.apkhub.com/48f2539e5f4f11dfb30d000b2f3ed30f.jpg__